![]() Whether your recipient is more trick or more treat, these Halloween gifts will be sure to give them thrills and chills. We also feature fun finds from popular Halloween movies including a Nightmare Before Christmas faux planter, a It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown bangle set, and Hocus Pocus-inspired journal. From a woven blanket with classic Halloween motifs that’ll keep them warm on chilly fall nights to a personalized candy bucket that’ll scare away grabby hands to a pumpkin-shaped waffle maker for a gourd-geous breakfast, your recipient will want to use these gifts all year round. ![]() To make sure you giving your recipient a proper fright, we put together a list of the best Halloween gifts for the whole family. ![]() 31, you can treat them to one of these delightfully ghoulish Halloween gifts. Technology & Gear Holiday Gift Guide The Best White Elephant Gifts That'll Still Arrive by Christmas Because the gift of a good laugh is priceless. 1 or someone who celebrates a birthday close to Oct. If you know someone who starts planning for next year's Halloween the minute the clock strikes 12 a.m. From covering every inch of their home with spooky decor a full month in advance to planning a big blowout Halloween bash for the whole neighborhood, some people like to go all out during spooky season. This funny ggift for women is both hilarious and tasty Its cotton candy branded as Unicorn Farts to make it absurd. But for some people, Halloween is much more than just one night of costumes and candy. 15 Terrific White Elephant Gift Ideas From Walmart For Friends and Family. At first glance, Halloween seems to be all about choosing the most clever costumes and maximizing your candy haul.
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Step 4 Take 1/4 cup of the sauce and slowly pour it into the beaten egg, whisking constantly to avoid cooking the egg.Pour in the milk, add the mustard, and whisk until smooth. Cook the mixture for 5 minutes, whisking constantly. Step 3 Melt the butter in a large pot and sprinkle in the flour.The macaroni should be too firm to eat right out of the pot. Step 1 Cook the macaroni until very firm.(There's always a good gruyère cheese substitute at the grocery store, too.) Keep it simple with just sharp cheddar or sprinkle in a variety depending on what you like best. I almost always mix different types of cheese: colby, monterey jack, fontina, mild cheddar, pepper jack… even a little gruyère if I allow myself to be in denial about how expensive it is to buy. What’s the best cheese to use in mac and cheese? Just be sure not to bake it too long so the macaroni doesn't dry out! Bake just until the cheese is melted and bubbly. That extra layer of cheese helps hold in the moisture when it bakes in the oven. But the secret to baked mac and cheese is this crispy top, which hides a creamy, soft bottom. There's whole milk, a pound of cheese, and an egg to thank for that. The star of this recipe is the cheesiest, dreamiest cream sauce that sinks into every nook and cranny of the macaroni. How do you keep macaroni and cheese creamy? The resulting creaminess is worth the extra step! Oh, the cheese! Pre-shredded, bagged cheeses don't melt as well as cheese grated straight from the block, so be sure to do that yourself. The dried mustard powder (or a substitute for mustard powder if you're really stuck) provides the perfect tangy bite that balances all that richness, and then there's the cheese. Adding an egg to mac and cheese makes the sauce smooth, velvety, and heavenly rich. There are a few ingredients that make this the best macaroni and cheese ever. And it's the only pasta (or food) I consumed until I was about fourteen years old. It's macaroni and cheese made with the best butter. ![]() I shall show you the comfort food that is solely responsible for my bones and tissues multiplying and growing at a young age. I shall take you by the hand and take you where you need to go. ![]() The enclosed mall includes anchor stores like Neiman Marcus and Nordstrom’s, as well 200 specialty retailers, restaurants and more. Farms Mall, Farmington), DE, - Christiana (305 Christiana Mall Rd, Newark), FL, - International Plaza (2223 N Westshore Blvd, Tampa). The Apple Store is set to debut the same day as International Plaza’s grand opening - the mall will open to the public at 9:15 am on Friday, September 14. Address :2223 N West Shore Boulevard.Mac, Iphone store near Tampa. International Plaza is a brand new 1.26 million square foot shopping center located just a stone’s throw from Tampa International Airport. 2223 N West Shore Blvd Tampa, FL 33607 International Plaza and Bay Street, adjacent to Tampa International Airport, is the most distinctive shopping & dining destination of Floridas West Coast. Find Apple Store International Plaza at Tampa,FL. ![]() Recently opened Apple Stores also feature over 600 software titles available for purchase - twice what previous stores offered, and probably the most Mac-compatible software that users have ever seen in one location. They have frequent classes, workshops and events. The Apple store features all kinds of Apple products sold by a knowledgeable staff. Prices and availability vary by location. About Apple Store: The Apple store is located on the second floor of the International Plaza at 2223 NW Shore Blvd. A theater area in the back of the store provides a spot where specialists can provide demonstrations of Apple software and hardware at work, and the Genius Bar provides shopgoers with the ability to talk with trained Mac specialists who can help them with technical problems, perform upgrades on their systems, or refer them to area specialists if they have more complex needs. local, rotating & seasonal beers, or additional tapped beers. ![]() Apple has divided the store into solutions areas where the features and benefits of Macintosh systems can be easily demonstrated. 33607, Tampa, Florida, United States Phone number Driving directions Work hours Reviews Report incorrect location Driving directions Enter your address to get driving directions. The Apple store is located on the second floor of the International Plaza at 2223 NW Shore Blvd. ![]() Now outfitted with Adapative Audio that dynamically adjusts noise based on your surroundings, the AirPods Pro 2 also can automatically turn on Transparency mode when it detects you’re talking to someone. It matches the all-time low while undercutting our previous mention by $1. Those $50 in savings stack up to deliver the best price to date. Now dropping down from $249, the AirPods Pro 2 sell for $199 shipped. Whether you’re already rocking the beta and want to hear everything for yourself or just want to secure your pair at one of the best prices ever, Amazon today is now discounting the latest true wireless earbuds from Apple. Make sure you’re also following 9to5Toys on Twitter and Facebook for all of the latest deals from Amazon and more.Įarlier this month, Apple announced that its flagship AirPods Pro 2 would be getting even better in the coming months as five notable new features roll out with iOS 17 this fall. ![]() To learn more about Amazon’s in-house line of products, including Echo Speakers, AmazonBasics, and more, jump over to this landing page for additional details. Smaller mainstream brands like Anker also have their own dedicated spaces to share product launches and deals. ![]() A Prime membership is not required in most instances to take advantage of these daily Gold Box deals.Īmazon has dedicated storefronts for many of the biggest names out there in the technology space, including Apple, Samsung, Sony, and others. Otherwise, the number of trends around five sales focused across every category. During the holiday season and the lead up to Prime Day, you can find upwards of 30-40 Gold Boxes on a given day. These 24-hour price drops are refreshed each morning at 3 AM ET with a new batch of offers. At $13 per month, you’ll have access to one-day delivery on millions of items, plus additional perks like exclusive deals and access to the online giant’s annual Prime Day event each summer.Įvery day Amazon offers a selection of Gold Box deals. To best take advantage of deals at Amazon, it’s imperative that you have a Prime membership. You’ll find everything related to Amazon, including the best deals, here in our constantly updated guide. In recent years, Amazon has grown to encompass more areas of everyday life with the purchase of Whole Foods and the expansion of its Prime delivery service. Amazon is the world’s largest online retailer, offering daily savings across nearly every category imaginable. ![]() The listing broker’s offer of compensation is made only to participants of the MLS where the listing is filed. Open House information is subject to change without notice.Ĭopyright 2023 – Lake Superior Area REALTORS, Inc.® MLS – All Rights Reserved. Information is supplied by seller and other third parties and has not been verified. (/info/mls-disclaimers/#mls_28)īy searching Northstar MLS listings you agree to the () Some IDX listings have been excluded from this website. Properties may or may not be listed by the office/agent presenting the information. All information should be independently reviewed and verified for accuracy. Supplied Open House Information is subject to change without notice. All data is obtained from various sources and may not have been verified by broker or MLS GRID. For other stories expanding Broadband Internet access you can read more here.Based on information submitted to the MLS GRID as of 01:20:52 PDT. There are a lot of people that do struggle and call and complain that they would like to have Internet,” Torgeson said.įor more information about the federal funds received for closing the Digital Divide you can look here. “It’s been difficult for a lot of our small businesses. Torgeson said the grants received from the federal government, will help move the project forward, and if there’s any more money available they could expand it. Steve Torgeson, one of the three Grand Lake Township Supervisors said residents need to come to the Township Hall to use the Internet. Quad cities farm & garden - by owner - craigslist CL quad cities quad cities ames, IA appleton bloomington. More often than not people need to rely on public areas for Internet. Horse for sale - 2,000 (Bethany) Horse for sale. Residents living in small communities like Saginaw and Twig struggle with having little to no Internet access. They knew I was there, but they had no idea because they don’t have Internet.” ![]() They call me because they heard it from somebody that I was in the area. But there’s a lot of places where I have nothing, no signal,” Nelson said “And those people have no Wi-Fi. Nelson’s services are limited when people can’t reach his website in rural areas, and he needs to rely on word of mouth. “But most of the time I can’t, because there’s nothing.” “It’s okay for camping.” However, Nelson says if he is trying to work he can do a little business while he’s there. “There’s nothing, not even a cell service. From Business: Bringing out the DIY in all of us with more than 70,000 arts, crafts, custom framing, floral, home décor, jewelry making, scrapbooking, fabrics, party supplies. With More Than 3500 Listings, You Will Find Your Dream Ranch. Bryan Nelson, the owner of 218 Handyman Services, provides his services to residents living in rural areas of St. Is The Top Destination To Browse Horse Property For Sale in Minnesota. However, for small businesses operating in rural areas in Northern Minnesota it can be difficult to make a profit when relying on a business website for customers with little to no Internet access. “There are 136,000 households in our state and small businesses that don’t have high speed. “You’ve got counties like, Pine County, as of last year was at 64% of the residents didn’t have access to high speed,” Sen. These funds will go towards closing the Digital Divide with state projects bringing reliable, affordable, high-speed internet access to households across the state. Amy Klobuchar recently secured over $600 million federal funds through the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Broadband, Equity, Access and Deployment (BEAD) program. However, for some rural communities in the Northland, residents and businesses don’t have the luxury of fast Internet speeds or reliable Internet access. Whether you’re streaming videos, or learning remotely, or working from home people need to use the Internet. Netflix offers subtitles in many languages, and they're easy to turn on if you know where to look. They’re also helpful if you're trying to watch a foreign language film and need a little help understanding what's going on.Īdditionally, subtitles can be an excellent tool for people who are hard of hearing or want to be able to follow along with the action without having to rely on the audio. Subtitles can be a great way to ensure you don't miss any dialogue in a movie or TV show. Show you how to get them working on any device. If you’re watching on YouTube, learn how to turn subtitles on.With thousands of films and tv shows available across multiple platforms, Netflix offers something for everybody-it also offers some great subtitling options.Įxplain all of Netflix’s subtitles settings. If you’re streaming movies and shows, many legal services offer subtitles, which are usually pretty well synced. One important thing, which we have already mentioned, is that some websites are filled with ads, so make sure you have an ad-blocker installed to avoid unnecessary interruptions. These are some of the best sites to download subtitles for movies, TV shows, and web series. You can keep everything in the same folder to make it easier to stay organized. For example, if I was loading subtitles for XYZ Movie, my video might be called “xyz_movie.” I’d then need to also name the subtitle file “xyz_movie.” Don’t change any file extensions. You only have to do one thing: name the subtitle file the same as your video. Many media players that support external subtitles will load them automatically. How can I get my subtitles to load automatically? A plain text file, or TXT, serves well when an SRT isn’t available. For instance, SBV is what YouTube supports if you’re uploading subtitles. ![]() Some of these are specific to certain sites and apps. Naturally, this excludes subtitle formats that are already hard encoded into a file.Ī few other formats you may find include SSA, TXT, VTT, SBV, TTML, and DFXP. However, it’s important to note that SRT is the more widely accepted format. If you want multiple languages in a single file, you’ll need SUB and IDX files. For single languages, SRT files are best. In most cases, if you download subtitles, you’ll mainly encounter SRT, SUB, and IDX files. You may need to play around with the file to get the timing just right, but it is a useful free option. You can also use the free online tool SubShifter. In Elmedia, open the menu and go to “Settings -> Subtitles -> Subtitles Delay.” In VLC, open your video and SRT file, then, go to “Tools -> Track Synchronization” to make changes. For example, VLC and Elmedia both offer subtitle editing to adjust the timing exactly to where you need it. Some media players have this option built in. However, you can manually adjust the timing to get your files back in sync. ![]() If they’re off by even a few milliseconds, it’s incredibly annoying to deal with. Always check that your media player supports SRT files. For instance, DVDs that have subtitles would be fine. Please note that some media players don’t support subtitles unless they’re already inserted into the video. If all goes well, it should sync automatically. Within the menu, you should see an option for subtitles. SRT file, open the app you’ll be using to watch the show or movie. How do I use subtitles?Īfter you’ve downloaded the subtitles, which should be an. There is even a sync delay option to better deal with sync issues. It’s a free media player that also supports subtitles. ![]() If VLC isn’t quite right for you, and you’re a Mac user, try out Elmedia instead. You may also want to learn how to rotate a video in VLC. Want to dabble more with VLC? Here’s how to use VLC to transcode media files and a little guide on how to use your Android phone as a VLC remote. With the movie open, simply click “View” at the top of the VLC window, then click “VLsub” and search for that movie’s subtitles. By using VLC, you can download subtitles straight into whatever movie you’re watching at that moment. ![]() Anyway since you've tried it on the pc and it istantly works, i'm gonna exclude also that. Why would the drive make a ton of usb "profiles" under usb storage in device manager, they was all inactive because the usb device wasn't in use apparently but i'm sure it's from the external drive, i don't plug that many things in that require usb power.įrom what you're saying, it just looks like either the disk itself or the case it's into is dying. I'm just wondering what could cause this behavior? Is it possibly the damaged battery i had fixed, or just coincidence its started around the same time i got it fixed? I looked into things and i ended up just going into device manager and showing all hidden devices, i uninstalled any usb device that was not in use, there was a lot of usb things, as if the drive has been making multiple profiles?Įither way after uninstalling all the inactive usb things and the seagate hard drive from the device manager, the hard drive is working again. I decided to test all usb slots on the laptop - nothing, tested on my pc and it instantly works. Since then the issue didn't happen but it was only a few days and then today i was watching movies and i turned the laptop off, i couldn't sleep so i turned it back on and noticed my drive was not being detected at all despite the power light being on. I was changing settings such as high performance power plan of turning off drives after so much time, I disabled all the features that would "put to sleep" the drive or USB slots just to be sure. So basically, I'm watching movies and i randomly hear the disconnect/reconnect sound which then causes my movie to crash/stop mid way and i have to restart it after the drive reconnects, i thought maybe i was knocking the drive but it started to happen when just idle and not moving and such. My Xbox One controller disconnected 3 times in a row once, but that only happened once so it might have been a fluke.Alright so i'm making this because i'm generally curious what's been happening, I use a seagate external hard drive for my laptop and only use it when watching movies, it's been fine for the most part but as of 2 weeks or so ago I've been having issues with it.īefore i explain i will mention that i made a post here about my laptop being broke around the same time, I broke the battery connector on the circuit board off, i got it repaired and the battery works fine. The issue did NOT occur at all with my 2TB Seagate backup harddrive, my 1TB WD harddrive, several USB pen drives, my external keyboard, or my wireless mouse USB receiver that is plugged in nearly 24/7 in my USB 2.0 drive. This issue occurred with all of these devices. I have tested my Samsung Galaxy S4, an iPod Classic, an iPod touch, an iPod nano, a Droid Turbo, and an iPhone 5. By mobile devices I mean phones and iPods. This issue ONLY happens with mobile devices, and it happens with ALL mobile devices. I have not been successful with keeping USB devices connected for more than ~30 seconds.Īt this point, it could be any number of things causing this issue. ![]() The cycle of disconnecting/reconnecting continues indefinitely. 5-30 sec later, they disconnect, only to reconnect in a couple seconds. Heres the issue: When connected, USB devices are found, and recognized. 2.0 versus 3.0 doesn't really matter though, because this issue happens with all three drives. ![]() My computer has three USB inputs one USB 2.0, and two USB 3.0s. My computer is a laptop from Puget Systems. Everything Windows related is up to date, and so are all USB drivers. Very strange issue, no results that I could find from google searches. ![]() ![]() > (utc_tz).timestamp()Īs it's seen, different time zones have differences in their current time but all map to the same amount of seconds (UNIX timestamp). What I don't get maybe better displayed on contrast with this small python code: > import time Should both epochs (UNIX timestamp) not map to the same amount of seconds? Why is that when it explicitly declares that current_timestamp is in a specific time zone. Which there is a deficit of 16200 (4 and a half hours). Select extract( epoch from current_timestamp::timestamp with timezone at time zone 'UTC') I stopped at seconds.I've learned that epoch (UNIX timestamp) is a unique independent amount, so I am baffled by output I get from the following queries: select extract( epoch from current_timestamp::timestamp with time zone at time zone 'Asia/Tehran') If you need to handle milliseconds or below it's easy to extend the code. Seconds is also the same, using minutes * 60. Minutes is the same calculation, but it uses hours * 60 since we already have it. We extract the hour as an integer (0-23) for each timestamp, subtract from each other, and multiply by the days expressed as hours. ![]() Hours = days * 24 + (DATE_PART('hour', end_t) - DATE_PART('hour', start_t)) Hours, minutes, and seconds are built out just like months and quarters. Instead of the start of the week we truncate to the beginning of the day to ensure the interval is an exact number of days. Since this is always divisible by 7, we now have our number of weeks.ĭays is computed the same way, without dividing by 7. Subtracting the days returns an interval, so we use DATE_PART to get an integer number of days. RETURN DATE_PART('day', (DATE_TRUNC('week', end_t) - DATE_TRUNC('week', start_t)) / 7) Note that the 'first day of the week' is not uniform across databases. That will give us an integer that's a multiple of 7. The way to count weeks is to truncate the start and end timestamps to the first day of the week, then subtract days. Weeks are special because they don't fit evenly into months, years or anything bigger. Weeks and days use a slightly different approach. Quarters is effectively the same as months (since DATE_PART gives us quarters as an integer from 1-4). Subtract the two and add in the year expressed in months to handle rollover.Ģ021/2 - 2020/11 would be (2 - 11) + 1 * 12 = 3 Months – just use DATE_PART to get the month as an integer (1-12). It computes weeks and below by truncating. It computes year, quarter, and month boundaries by subtracting integers. This isn't consistent across databases – Redshift uses Sunday, while in Snowflake it's configurable. Similarly DateDiff('week', '05-02-2021', '05-03-2021') is 1, because 5/02/21 is a Sunday and 5/03/21 is a Monday Note that Postgres uses ISO 8601 week numbering, so weeks will always start on Mondays. So what does counting date boundaries mean? It's best illustrated with an exampleĭATEDIFF('year', '12-31-2020', '01-01-2021') returns 1 because even though the two dates are a day apart, they've crossed the year boundary. It will always return an integer, so it's very useful for grouping date differences together. This function take a time unit and two dates, and counts the number of date boundaries crossed between them. This gist creates a function in Postgres that implements the DATEDIFF function found in Snowflake, BigQuery, and Redshift. I'll jump straight to the code for those who like to see the answer first, and further down explain how it works Why is this even a function? Why not just use date_part? Because time rolls over: the last month of the year is 12 and the first is 1, so naively using date part would give us -11. A great blog by sqlines suggests an implementation, but I found it didn't quite match the functionality of most data warehouses. If you want to use Postgres as a data warehouse you'll probably want it. For operational data it's probably not often used, but if you do analytical queries it can be pretty helpful. Unfortunately Postgres simply doesn't have it. This function can be used to bucket times together, like when doing a cohort analysis. Data warehouses like Redshift and Snowflake have a super useful DATEDIFF function – given two timestamps and a date part (hour, year, week, etc) it'll return how far apart they are. ![]() Yet even again, despite controller having aim assist in apex to level the playing field in regards to aiming, MKB still has many advantages movement wise that controller can’t compete with unless you play on steam. Unless you think leveling the playing field is abuse for whatever reason… besides, some people prefer the physical feel of controller better than MKB, and as a user of both inputs, controller needs aim assist if it’s to compete with MKB. ![]() You can be good at a game and still be ass relatively speaking.Īnd nobody plays sticks to “abuse” aim assist, unless the game is broken and has glitches to boost the aim assist, there is no “abuse” that goes on at all. If you can’t see that as fact, what you think are facts are actually opinions in reality.Īnd also, the term ass was meant relatively, if you die to a controller player, hell, if you die to any player, that’s all on you, you died because you made some sort of mistake that got you killed or the one who killed you is just better, that is what is meant by the term ass and it’s meant even more so if you go to blame it on something that isn’t yourself. My point is people who complain about aim assist because it’s “too op” are trash because all is does is level the playing field between controller and mkb. And as a keyboard player even I can see and acknowledge that. What aim assist does is compensates for a controllers lack of aim control relative to keyboard. Whereas with mkb, the moment you decelerate your hand, there is no center point to travel back to to get the input to move the opposite direction. Not to mention if you’re aiming to one side, like mkb, you have to decelerate the mass if your hand and mouse, but with controller, you have to do that and go back across the center point before your input actually goes to the other side. It’s to compensate for the smaller area in which you have to move. Not trying to be standoffish, I just don't see how tap-strafing can be really be that much of an issue, especially if the controller pros seem to be able to keep up with their mnk colleagues without much issues - and lets be honest, only at the pro level are people really using tap-strafing to it's fullest extend. Sure you could nerf it so even people with shit aim can hit their shots, but then you just force everyone on the same level regardless of how skilled they are. I guess it's kinda the same as battlefield players complaining about AD-Strafing in close quarters. Apex is a movement game, so you should expect better players to have better movement.Īnd even at its "worst" tap-strafing only buys you a few hundred milliseconds. As mentioned earlier, tap strafe is only for PC players due to the move being possible with the mouse-and-keyboard control scheme.You couldn't do any crazy tapstrafes anymore though, the ones that are "game breaking" in the eyes of some.Įven currently without any W-key spam limitations you can't really do anything more than 90° by just tapping the W-Key, you need the scroll wheel for the 180°.Īs a side note, I never really got the "readability" argument, theres games with much crazier movement and nobody complains about "readability" there. While that might seem like it is incredibly easy to perform, it is not, as timing is very crucial in executing this move. How to Execute a Tap Strafe in Apex LegendsĪfter a slide jump at the beginning of an air strafe, quickly tap the forward key. Incrementally changing the player’s momentum vector will result in a complete 180-degree hairpin turn this is very helpful in Apex Legends because mobility is king in this game. The Source Engine, the development engine used in Apex Legends and other Valve games, slightly changes the vector of the momentum of a character when the forward key is pressed. Those who play on PC are the only ones who can execute this move. Some players are not fond of it because not everyone can perform it. In short, the use of tap strafe in Apex Legends is not an exploit. In fact, utilizing these design flaws is the essence of video game speedrunning. Exploiting software bugs and glitches are not cheating, per se. A cheat is something not permitted by the developers or by the rules of the game. First, distinctions must be made between an exploit and a cheat. While the function of tap strafing is neither a cheat nor an exploit, it is frowned upon. ![]() Surprisingly, female gorillas even gained more strength in certain bones with age than males did. Instead, both male and female gorillas maintained bone strength throughout their lives. Their bones did show some expected signs of aging, such as a thinning of bone walls and a widening of long bones, but as Ruff had suspected, they didn't have the same loss of bone mass and density-or overall bone strength-that humans do. The team scanned 34 male and female mountain gorillas ranging in age from 11 to 43, the upper end of a wild gorilla's life span.Įven the oldest gorillas showed no signs of osteoporosis, the researchers reported September 21 in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. Using a miniature CT scanner, Ruff and his colleagues took detailed measurements of bones' mineral content and geometry. That could be true for our more distant evolutionary ancestors as well, and for our gorilla cousins. "The main factor here is just moving your own body weight," he says, which ancient people likely did more than people today. Physical exercise strengthens bones, particularly if it's weight-bearing, so perhaps our ancestors staved off bone loss through exercise, he hypothesizes. Since this seems to be a modern phenomenon, Ruff thought, maybe osteoporosis is not a biological inevitability but rather a result of modern lifestyles, at least in part. Today, both men and women experience steady bone loss with age starting in their 20s or 30s, with women showing a sharper loss Their bones also changed shape with age in ways that helped keep them strong. But early in his career, Ruff studied a prehistoric population from the American Southwest and found that while One hypothesis is that our ancestors simply didn't live long enough "Why is there this mismatch among older people," Ruff asks, "where your bones become too weak for the normal forces that you place on them?" It seems terribly disadvantageous for a species to become so brittle with age that even mild stress can cause a fracture, sometimes just by coughing. "Osteoporosis is a really interesting mechanical issue," Ruff says, and one that's perplexing from an evolutionary standpoint. Some of these gorillas were first observed in the wild by the late Dian Fossey, the famed anthropologist who founded the Karisoke Research Center, which is now part of the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International. A room lined nearly floor to ceiling with steel cabinets holds the gorillas' remains, each one linked to a catalog with everything researchers know about that individual-in many cases, not only when it was born and died but details of its activities and social life. Karisoke is the best place in the world to answer that question. "Gorillas and chimpanzees are our closest evolutionary relatives," he says, so he wanted to know whether they, too, experience osteoporosis with age. A professor emeritus at the Johns Hopkins Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Ruff was particularly interested in understanding the evolution of osteoporosis, the weakening of bones linked to fractures in old age. Ruff had come to the Karisoke Research Center, where the skeletons of more than 100 wild mountain gorillas have been carefully collected, cleaned, and cataloged, to find out whether human and gorilla bones age differently. Image credit: Courtesy of Christopher Ruff |
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